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ANGLO- SAXON LONDON
This description of Anglo-Saxon London is taken from Wikipedia. It is written in conjunction with our Wessex (www.wessextouristboard.org.uk) and Mercian (www.mercia.me.uk) sites which cover the Ancient English kingdoms.
We have incorporated London into our financial (www.ukinformedinvestor.co.uk) site.

Early settlement

Following the virtual abandonment of the Roman city, the area's strategic location on the River Thames meant that the site was not deserted for long. From the late 5th century, Anglo-Saxons began to inhabit the area.

There is almost no reliable evidence about what happened in the London area during the Sub-Roman "Dark Age" period from around 450 AD to 600 AD. Although early Anglo-Saxon settlement avoided the area immediately around Londinium, there was occupation on a small scale of much of the hinterland on both sides of the river. There is no contemporary literary evidence, but the area must for some time have been an active frontier between Saxons and Britons.

Lundenwic

Early Anglo-Saxon settlement in the London area was not on the site of the abandoned Roman city, although the Roman city walls remained intact.

Instead, by the 7th century a village and trading centre named Lundenwic, was established approximately one mile (1.6km) to the west of Londinium (named Lundenburh or "London Fort" by the Saxons  Probably using the mouth of the River Fleet as a trading ship and fishing boat harbour.

Lundenwic in the early eighth century, was described by the Venerable Bede as "a trading centre for many nations who visit it by land and sea". The word "wic" was an Old English word for 'trading town'  , so Lundenwic literally meant 'London trading town'.
Archaeologists were for many years puzzled as to where early Anglo-Saxon London was located, as they could find little evidence of occupation within the Roman city walls from this period. However in the 1980s it was 'rediscovered' after extensive excavations were reinterpreted as of an urban character by archaeologists Alan Vince and Martin Biddle working independently  . Recent excavations in the Covent Garden area have uncovered the extensive Anglo-Saxon settlement dating back into the 7th century. The excavations show that the settlement covered about 600,000 square metres, stretching from the present-day National Gallery site in the west to Aldwych in the east.

By about 600 AD Anglo-Saxon England had become divided into a number of small kingdoms (see Heptarchy) From the mid-6th century, the London area was incorporated into the East Saxons kingdom, which extended as far west as St Albans and included all of later Middlesex, and probably Surrey too for a time.In 604 Saeberht of the East Saxons converted to Christianity and London received Mellitus, its first post-Roman bishop. At this time Essex owed allegiance to the Bretwalda Ethelbert of Kent, and it was under Ethelbert that Mellitus founded the first St. Paul's Cathedral, traditionally said to be on the site of an old Roman Temple of Diana (although Christopher Wren found no evidence of this). This would have only been a modest church at first and may well have been destroyed after he was expelled from the city by Saeberht's pagan successors in 616. Christianity did not return until around 675 when Theodore of Tarsus installed St Eorconweald as bishop.

 


 

The new town came under direct Mercian control in c.670 as the East Saxon kingdom of which it had once been part was gradually reduced in size and status. After the death of the Mercian king Offa in 796, control of London was disputed between Mercia and Wessex.

Viking attacks

Attacks from Vikings became increasingly common from around 830 onwards. London was attacked in 842 in a raid that was described by a chronicler as the "great slaughter". In 851 another raid on London, reputedly involving 350 ships, came to plunder the city.

In 865 the Viking "Great Heathen Army" launched a large scale invasion of East Anglia and soon overran East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria and came close to controlling most of England. By 871 they had reached London, and are believed to have camped within the old Roman walls during the winter of that year. Although it is unclear what happened during this time, London may have come under Viking control for a period.

In 878 however, English forces led by King Alfred the Great defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington and forced the Viking leader Guthrum to sue for peace. The Treaty of Wedmore and the later Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum divided England into Alfred's Saxon controlled kingdom and Danish controlled Danelaw


Lundenburh

English rule in London was restored by 886. King Alfred quickly set about establishing fortified towns or "Burhs" across England to improve defences, London was no exception. Within ten years, settlement within the old Roman walls was re-established, but known as Lundenburh. The Roman walls were repaired and the defensive ditch re-cut. This move was effectively the beginning of the present City of London, the boundaries of which are still to some extent defined by the ancient city walls.

As the focus of the city was moved back to within the old Roman walls, the older settlement of Lundenwic was largely abandoned and gained the name of Ealdwic or "old settlement". The name survives today as Aldwych.

10th century London

 Ethelred the Unready

Alfred appointed his son-in-law Earl Aethelred of Mercia, who was the heir to the destroyed Kingdom of Mercia, as Governor of London and established two defended Boroughs to defend the bridge which was probably rebuilt at this time. The southern end of the Bridge was established as the Borough of Southwark or Suthringa Geworc (defensive work of the men of Surrey) as it was originally known. From this point, the City of London began to develop its own unique local government.



  After Aethelred's death, London came under the direct control of English kings. The Kingdom of England established by Alfred was expanded by his son Edward the Elder who won back much land from Danish control. By the early 10th century London had become an important commercial centre. Although the capital of the Kingdom of England was in Winchester, London became increasingly important as a political centre. King Aethelstan held many Royal Councils in London and issued laws from there. King Aethelred the Unready favoured London as his capital and issued the Laws of London there in 978.


The Vikings return

It was during the reign of Aethelred that Viking raids began again, led by King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark. London was attacked unsuccessfully in 994, but numerous raids followed. By 1013 London underwent a long siege and Aethelred fled abroad. King Sven died but his son Canute continued the attacks, and the following year overran the city.

Aethelred returned with his ally Olaf of Norway to reclaim London. A Norse saga tells of a battle during the Viking occupation where Aethelred returned to attack Viking-occupied London. According to the saga, the Danes lined London Bridge and showered the attackers with spears. Undaunted, the attackers pulled the roofs off nearby houses and held them over their heads in the boats. Thus protected, they were able to get close enough to the bridge to attach ropes to the piers and pull the bridge down, thus ending the Viking occupation of London. There is some speculation that the nursery rhyme "London Bridge is falling down" stems from this incident.

Following Aethelred's death in 1016, his son Edmund Ironside was declared king. The Vikings however returned and again placed London under siege. Initially the city's defenders were able to hold back the invaders. However, Edmund was eventually forced to share power with Canute. When Edmund died Canute became the sole King of England. After two short lived Danish kings, (Harold Harefoot and Harthacanute) the Anglo-Saxon line was restored when Canute's stepson Edward the Confessor took up the throne in 1042.


 Run up to the Norman invasion

Following Edward's death, no clear heir was apparent, and his cousin, Duke William of Normandy, claimed the throne. The Royal Council, however, met in the city and elected the dead King's brother-in-law, Harold Godwinson (The Earl of Wessex) as King. He was crowned in Westminster Abbey. William, outraged by this, then sent an army to invade England. on 11th of October 1066 Harold marched his army out of London.At Hastings, on 15 October 1066, the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom ended and Norman England began. The Kingdoms were demolished and replaced by counties.

Forces Day
THE LANGUAGE
If you are coming to London you will need to know Rhyming Cockney Slang-
otherwise you will not understand what the natives are talking about.
 Full Details are available on http://www.cockneyrhymingslang.co.uk/rabbit
There is a handy transalator on the page.
What is Cockney rhyming slang?

Cockney rhyming slang is not a language but a collection of phrases used by Cockneys and other Londoners.

What's a Cockney?

What Not To Wear photo
St Mary Le Bow church in Cheapside, London

A true Cockney is someone born within the sound of Bow Bells. (St Mary-le-Bow Church in Cheapside, London).

However the term Cockney is now loosely applied to many born outside this area as long as they have a "Cockney" accent or a Cockney heritage.

The Cockney accent is heard less often in Central London these days but is widely heard in the outer London boroughs, the London suburbs and all across South East England. It is common in Bedfordshire towns like Luton and Leighton Buzzard, and Essex towns such as Romford.

What's Rhyming Slang?

Rhyming Slang phrases are derived from taking an expression which rhymes with a word and then using that expression instead of the word. For example the word "look" rhymes with "butcher's hook". In many cases the rhyming word is omitted - so you won't find too many Londoners having a "bucher's hook" at this site, but you might find a few having a "butcher's". 

The rhyming word is not always omitted so Cockney expressions can vary in their construction, and it is simply a matter of convention which version is used.

Some Cockney rhyming slang for parts of the body

In this list of example Cockney slang for parts of the body, you'll notice that some expressions omit the rhyming word but others do not.

Who uses Cockney Rhyming Slang?

Cockney Rhyming Slang originated in the East End of London. Some slang expressions have escaped from London and are in popular use throughout the rest of Britain. For example "use your loaf" is an everyday phrase for the British, but not too many people realise it is Cockney Rhyming Slang ("loaf of bread: head"). There are many more examples of this unwitting use of Cockney Rhyming Slang.

Television has raised awareness of Cockney Rhyming Slang to far greater heights. Classic TV shows such as "Steptoe and Son", "Minder", "Porridge" and "Only Fools and Horses" have done much to spread the slang throughout Britain and to the rest of the world.

Is Cockney Rhyming Slang dead?

Not on your Nelly! Cockney Rhyming Slang may have had its highs and lows but today it is in use as never before.

In the last few years hundreds of brand new slang expressions have been invented - many betraying their modern roots, eg "Emma Freuds: hemorrhoids"; (Emma Freud is a TV and radio broadcaster) and "Ayrton Senna": tenner (10 pound note).

How is Cockney slang developing?

Modern Cockney slang that is being developed today tends to only rhyme words with the names of celebrities or famous people. There are very few new Cockney slang expressions that do not follow this trend. The only one that has gained much ground recently that bucks this trend is "Wind and Kite" meaning "Web site".

Cockney expressions are being exported from London all over the world. Here at cockneyrhymingslang.co.uk we get loads of enquiries from folks as far afield as the USA, Canada and Japan, all wanting to know the meaning of Cockney expressions.

Slang Meaning
Slang Meaning
Adam and Eve believe
Holy friar liar
Almond rocks socks
Holy ghost toast
Apple fritter bitter (beer)
House to let bet
Apple peeling feeling
Jack the Ripper kipper
Apple tart heart
Jack 'n' Jill till
Apples and pears stairs
Jam jar car
Ball of Chalk walk
Jam tart heart
Barnet Fair hair
Jeremiah fire
Bees 'n' honey money
Jimmy Riddle piddle (Just off for a Jimmy)
Boat race face
Jim Skinner dinner
Bo-peep sleep
Joanna piano
Bottle and glass arse
Joe Blake steak
Bow & arrow barrow
Kate Karney army
Brown bread dead
Lemon squash wash
Bubble and squeak speak
Linen draper paper
Burnt cinder winder (window)
Loaf of bread head
Butcher' s hook look
Mince pies eyes
Cain & Able table
Mother Hubbard cupboard
Chalk Farm arm
Mutt and Jeff deaf
Cherry-'ogg (Hogg) dog
Peckham Rye tie
China plate mate (friend)
Pig's ear beer
Coach 'n' badge cadge (get money off)
Plates of meat feet
Cock 'n' hen ten or £10
Pork pie lie
Currant bun son/sun
Rabbit 'n' pork talk (Bunny)
Daisy Roots boots
Rocking horse sauce
Derby Kelly belly
Rory O'More floor
Dicky Bird word
Rosie Lee tea
Dicky Dirt shirt
Rub a Dub Dub pub
Dig in the grave shave
Salmon and trout gout
Ding Dong sing song
Saucepan lid kid (child)
Dr. Crippen dripping
Sexton Blake cake
Dog and bone phone
Six to four whore
Duke of Kent rent
Skin 'n' blister sister
Friar Tuck luck
Sky rocket pocket
Frog and toad road
Taters in the mould cold
George Raft daft (crazy)
Tea leaf thief
Ginger beer queer
Tit for tat hat
Gold watch scotch
Tom and Dick sick
Ham and eggs legs
Tommy Tucker supper
Hampstead Heath teeth
Trouble and strife wife
Harry Lime time
Two and Eight state
Heap of coke bloke
Uncle Ned bed
Hen 'n' fox box
Whistle and Flute suit
THE PEARLY KINGS & QUEENS OF LONDON
Singsong1 Chat1 Harvest1 Carole & Roy Alex a young Prince Rebecca

One of the great traditions at the Epsom horseracing course, on the southern outskirts of London, on Derby Day is the arrival of the Pearly King and Queen in their decorated donkey-cart.
The Pearly Royals started in Victorian days and some still reign today in their various London districts.  The 'Pearlies' were costermonger's…street vendors of fruit and vegetables, and their distinctive costumes are said to have sprung from the arrival of a big cargo of pearl-buttons from Japan in the 1860's.  It seems that one of the costers sewed some of the buttons round the edge of his wide-bottomed trousers, and the fashion caught on.  Traditionally, costers elected 'Kings' to lead them against bullies seeking to drive them from their pitches.

Each individual area of London had a king and his 'donah', (as the wives are called) and both were elaborately turned out. The magnificent suits, hats and dresses, handed down together with hereditary titles, are sewn with mystic symbols, stars, moons, suns, flowers, diamonds, Trees of Life, Eyes of God and fertility designs.  Each outfit can have as many as 30,000 buttons on it and can weigh as much as 30 kilograms or more. These suits are worn at charity events, christenings, weddings and funerals.

Where there is a special charity drive the kings and queens ride in splendour on their decorated carts.  At the annual autumn Harvest Festival service at St. Martin-in-the-Fields church in London, the Pearly princesses take bouquets of vegetables as thank - offerings. 

Today, around 30 Pearly Families continue the tradition to raise money for various charities.Each London Borough has a King and Queen, as do the City of London and the City of Westminster. It's a colourful London tradition and one that has been kept alive by a few dedicated people, who remain figureheads for the capital's working class communities. It will be very sad if the tradition of the Pearly King and Queen dies out, as they are a very colourful part of London's history. Long live the Pearly Kings and Queens!

Pearly Kings and Queens of London

Henry Croft

The London tradition of the Pearly Kings and Queens began in 1875, by a small lad named Henry Croft.
Henry was born and raised in an orphanage in Charlton Street, Somers Town, London, NW1. At the age of 13 he had to leave the orphanage and make his own way in life. His first job was as a Municipal Road Sweeper in the market of Somers Town. Henry worked hard in the market and soon made many friends, he was particularly drawn to the Costermongers who were a tough breed of market traders. He got to know more about their way of life, their generosity and their fashion of smoke pearl buttons sewn on the piped seams of their trousers, jackets, waistcoats and caps. This showed their status as they worked the market stalls from day to day. The Costermongers were caring and looked after each other if they were sick or in need.

Henry was so fascinated by this way of life and decided he would like to help those who were more unfortunate than himself, including the children back at the orphanage where he had spent his early life. He knew that in order to collect a lot of money he needed to draw attention to himself. So as Henry swept the market streets he started to collect all the pearl buttons he found that had fallen off of the clothes of people visiting the market, and when he had enough he started to sew them on his cap and then continued until his entire suit was filled, the very first smother suit.

Because Henry was an orphan he had no one to help him with his suit so he had to learn how to sew. It was this that started the tradition, which is still carried on by descendants of original Pearly Families, that the Kings do all the designs and sewing.

  Designs on suits tend to run in families but here are a few that you may see and recognise:

Horseshoe = Luck
Doves = Peace
Heart = Charity
Anchor = Hope
Cross = Faith
Wheel = Circle of Life
Symbols of Playing Cards = Life is a gamble
Flower Pots = Costermongers
Donkey Carts = Costermongers

Henry Croft was in so much demand for his charity work, as many of London's hospitals, workhouses and orphanages needed help, that he turned to his friends the Costermongers and they did not let him down. Many of the Costermongers became the first Pearly Families. There were 28 families, one for each of the London boroughs, one for the City of Westminster, and one for the City of London.

Each outfit can hold many tens of thousands of buttons on it and can weigh as much as 30 kilograms or more. There are two types of suit - a Smother Suit and a Skeleton Suit, the former having very little cloth showing and totally covered in buttons, and the latter having far fewer buttons.

 

It is estimated that when he died in 1930 (aged 68), he had collected over £5000. The equivalent in today's values would be approximately £200,000.

His funeral was a spectacular affair, and was filmed by Pathe News. All of the Pearlies attended (roughly 400) and they followed the coffin to where Henry was buried. The charities that he had helped over the year all pulled together to help pay for a statue of Henry for his grave. Unfortunately in 1995 the statue was vandalised and no longer stands in the cemetery. It has been replaced with a headstone, inlaid with Henry's photograph, so it can be easily found by visitors.

The statue has now been fully restored and can be seen in the crypt at the church of St. Martins in the Field, Trafalgar Square.

King BorisThe Pearly tradition has survived for over 125 years and hopefully it will continue for many more to come. We still have a few families who can be traced back to the original generation of Pearlies. Henry Croft's family still carries on the tradition with his Great-Granddaughter wearing the title of 'Somers Town'.

By Jon Arrowsmith, the Pearly King of Walthamstow

This material has been provided by  the Pearly Kings & Queens Society. Click on their site to see the dates of their events this year 

The image “http://www.elite-view.com/art/Black_and_White_Photography/People_B_W_Photography/pl110~Lambeth-Walk-Posters.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

Lambeth Walk

Lambeth Walk is a walk, a song, a dance, two films, a photograph, a market and a street in Kennington .The original "Lambeth Walk" was an evening promenade by the predominantly poor residents of North Lambeth:- that is the area around Black Prince Road.The Song  The walk was popularised by Noel Gay who wrote the song Doin' the Lambeth Walk with its catchy tune for the 1937 Douglas Furber musical comedy Me and My Girl.  The main verse of The Lambeth Walk is:-

    Any time you’re Lambeth way
    Any evening, any day,
    You ’ll find us all
    Doin’ the Lambeth walk. ... Oi!

The Lambeth Walk also became a very popular walking dance, done in a jaunty, strutting fashion. The hero of the musical was Bill Snibson, the black sheep of an aristocratic family, who inherited the family fortune. 
    BRITISH KING GETS LESSON FROM 'LAMBETH WALK' STAR. King George and Queen Elizabeth saw the "Lambeth Walk" show, "Me and My Gal" at the Victoria Palace Theatre  . The Queen wore a white slipper-satin gown, a white fox cape and two gardenias in her hair. The King, in evening dress, wore a gardenia in his buttonhole. Both joined in the shouted "Oi" which ends the Lambeth Walk chorus. Lupino Lane, star of the show, was presented to the King and Queen after the performance. "They said they had been walking the Lambeth Walk the wrong way - the ballroom way - and promised to do it our way in the future.""

    KNEES UP
The image “http://www.pearlykingofpeckham.com/images/gallery/OldPearlies/OlpPearlies7.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors."Knees Up Mother Brown" is a 1938 song composed by Harris Weston and Bert Lee. It became a popular pub song, and was particularly associated with Cockney culture. The expression "knees up" came to mean a party or a dance.
"Oh, knees up Mother Brown,
Knees up Mother Brown,
Come along, dearie, let it go
E-I-E-I-E-I-Oh!
It's your blooming birthday
Let's wake up all the town;
So knees up, knees up
Don't get the breeze up
Knees up Mother Brown!"

Accommodation in London university halls

NEWLY AVAILABLE!

Staying in London university accommodation is a convenient and affordable way to stay in London.  With brand-new rooms (completed in 2008) from £40, it is a comfortable and cost effective alternative to staying in a hostel or a hotel. We currently have self-catered accommodation in Victoria: an extremely central location and a perfect starting point from which to explore the city, being walking distance from both Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament.Availability is mainly in the summer vacation period (June, July, August, September), when students clear their rooms.  Rooms typically become available two to three months in advance, so please revisit the website within that period if nothing is available now.


THE LONDON BOROUGHS ATTRACTIONS
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Central London  Eating & Shopping
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Oxford Street
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The Home Counties
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THE SHIRES

Wessexme www.wessextouristboard.org.uk
The Compleat Website for the Ancient English Kingdom of Wessex
If you are visiting the counties of Berkshire, Devon, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire,  Somerset or Wiltshire this site will give you all the information you need on the attractions and events in the area. Wessex was founded by Cerdic it's first king who could be the basis of the Arthurian Legend.

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mercia page and 
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this site will give you all the information you need on the attractions and events in the area of the former kingdom of Mercia. The 12 counties are listed below. Its Capital was Tamworth and the main religous towns were Lichfield and Repton. Its most famous King was Offa who invented English coinage and was responsible for the famous dyke that runs along the English/Welsh border.
 
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London Museums

British Museum
There are over 240 museums in London, England. The government publishes visitor figures for its own establishments. The majority of government-funded museums stopped charging admission fees in 2001  and, although this was challenged in 2007 , this has remained the case. Following the removal of admission charges, attendances at London museums increased, with a large percentage of the 42 million annual visitors nationwide.
  A
Age Exchange Reminiscence Centre
Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum
All Hallows-by-the-Tower Undercroft Museum
Anaesthesia Heritage Centre
Apsley House – the Duke of Wellington's London house
Arsenal Football Club Museum

  B
Baden-Powell House Exhibition
Bank of England Museum
Banqueting House
Barbican Art Gallery
Barnet Museum
Benjamin Franklin House
Ben Uri Gallery, The London Jewish Museum of Art
Berkshire and Westminster Dragoons Museum
Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum
Bexley Museum
Black Cultural Archives
Boston Manor House
Bramah Tea and Coffee Museum
Brent Museum
British Airways Museum Collection, Heathrow
Britain At War Experience
British Dental Association Museum
British Library
British Museum – national collection of antiquities
British Music Experience
British Optical Association Museum
British Postal Museum and Archive
British Red Cross Museum and Archives
Bromley Museum
Brooking Collection of Architectural Detail
Bruce Castle Museum
Brunei Gallery, School of Oriental and African Studies
Brunel Engine House
BT Archives
Buckingham Palace
Building Centre Gallery


 C
Canada House Gallery
Carlyle's House
Cartoon Museum
Centre for Recent Drawing
Charles Dickens Museum
Chartered Insurance Institute Museum
Chelsea Physic Garden
Chiswick House
Church Farmhouse Museum
Churchill Museum and Cabinet War Rooms
Clarence House
Clink Prison Museum
Clockmakers' Museum
Clown Museum and archive
College of Arms
Couper Collection
Courtauld Gallery – old masters and impressionists
Crofton Roman Villa
Crossness Pumping Station
Crown Jewels
Croydon Lifetimes Museum
Croydon Natural History and Scientific Society
Crystal Palace Museum
Cuming Museum
Cutty Sark Museum


 D
Dali Universe
Danson House
De Morgan Centre
Dennis Severs' House
Design Museum
Dr Johnson's House
Dorich House
Drapers Company Collections
Dulwich Picture Gallery – collection of old masters


  E
Eastbury Manor House (NT)
Eastside Community Heritage
Eltham Palace
Erith Museum
Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art


  F
Fan Museum
Fashion and Textile Museum
Fenton House
Firepower: The Royal Artillery Museum
Florence Nightingale Museum
Forty Hall Museum
Foundling Museum
Freud Museum
Fulham Palace


 


 

G
Galton Collection
Garden Museum
Garrick's Temple
Geffrye Museum
Golden Hinde
Grange Museum of Community History
Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy
Great Ormond Street Hospital Museum and Archive
Greenwich Heritage Centre
Greenwich Hospital (London)
Greenwich Visitor Centre
Guards' Museum
Guide Heritage Centre
Guildhall Art Gallery
Guildhall Library
Gunnersbury Park Museum


H

Hackney Museum
Ham House, London
Hampstead Museum, at Burgh House
Hampton Court – a former royal palace
Handel House Museum
Harrow Museum
The Hayward
HMS Belfast
Hogarth's House
Honeywood Heritage Centre
Honourable Artillery Company Museum
Horniman Museum
House Mill Museum at Three Mills
Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons


I

Imperial War Museum – museum of warfare in the 20th and 21st centuries
Inns of Court and City Yeomanry Museum
Institute of Archaeology Collections
Island History Trust
Islington Museum

  J
Jewel Tower
Jewish Military Museum and Memorial Room
Jewish Museum (Camden)
Jewish Museum (Finchley)

  K
Keats' House
Kennel Club Art Gallery
Kensington Palace
Kenwood House – mansion and collection of old masters
Kew Bridge Steam Museum
Kew Gardens Museum No.1 and Marianne North Gallery
Kew Transport Museum
Kingston Museum
Kirkaldy Testing Museum

 L
Leighton House Museum
Library and Museum of Freemasonry
Linnean Society Collections
Linley Sambourne House
Little Holland House, Carshalton
Livesey Museum for Children
London Aquarium
London Canal Museum
London Dungeon
London Fire Brigade Museum
London Gas Museum
London Motorcycle Museum
London Sewing Machine Museum
London Transport Museum
London Zoo

  M
Madame Tussaud's London
Magic Circle Museum
Manor Park Museum
Marble Hill House
Markfield Beam Engine and Museum
Marx Memorial Library
MCC Museum
Merton Heritage Centre
Michael Faraday Museum
Museum of Croydon
Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture
Museum of Immigration and Diversity
Museum of London – the history of London
Museum of London Docklands
Museum of Richmond
Museum of Rugby
Museum of the Order of St John
Museum of Veterinary History
Musical Museum
Museum of Brands, Packaging and Advertising

 N
National Archives
National Army Museum
National Gallery – national collection of Western painting to 1900
National Maritime Museum
National Portrait Gallery
Natural History Museum
The Newsroom - Guardian and Observer Archive and Visitor Centre
North Woolwich Old Station Museum

 

 
O
Old Operating Theatre
Old Speech Room Gallery, Harrow School
Orleans House Gallery
Osterley Park

 P
Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
Pitzhanger Manor
Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum
Pollock's Toy Museum
Prince Henry's Room
Pumphouse Educational Museum
Pushkin House

 Q
Queen Elizabeth’s Hunting Lodge
Queen's Gallery – exhibitions of items from the Royal Collection
Queen's House – the first Palladian building in England

R

Ragged School Museum
Ranger's House (Wernher Collection)
Red House
Redbridge Museum
Riesco Gallery
Rose Theatre Exhibition
Royal Academy of Arts
Royal Air Force Museum
Royal College of Music Archives and Museum of Instruments
Royal College of Physicians Collections
Royal Fusiliers Museum
Royal Hospital Chelsea
Royal Institute of British Architects Collections
Royal Greenwich Observatory
Royal London Hospital Archives and Museum
Royal Mews – the Queen's stables
Royal Military School of Music Museum
Royal Mint Sovereign Gallery
Royal Pharmaceutical Society Museum
Royal Philatelic Collection

 S

St Bartholomew's Hospital Museum
St Paul's Cathedral Crypt Museum
Saatchi Gallery – a collection of contemporary art
Salvation Army International Heritage Centre
Science Museum – national museum of science and technology
Sherlock Holmes Museum
Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition
Sir John Soane's Museum
Smythson Stationery Museum
Somerset House
South London Gallery
Southside House
Spencer House
Stephens Collection
Sutton House

 T
Tate Britain – national collection of British art
Tate Modern – national collection of modern art
Tower Bridge
Tower of London – fortress and former royal residence
Twinings Museum
Two Willow Road
Twickenham Museum
Type Museum

 U
UCL Collections – arts, ethnography, geology and science

V
Valence House Museum
Vestry House Museum
Victoria and Albert Museum – national collection of applied arts
V&A Museum of Childhood

  W
Wallace Collection – old masters and decorative arts
Wandle Industrial Museum
Wandsworth Museum
Wellcome Library
Wellcome Collection
Wellington Arch
Wesley's Chapel and the Museum of Methodism
West Ham United Museum
Westminster Abbey Museum
Westminster Dragoons Museum
Whitechapel Gallery
Whitehall, Cheam
Whitewebbs Museum of Transport
William Morris Gallery
Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum
Wimbledon Society Museum of Local History
Wimbledon Windmill Museum
Women's Library

  Y
Young's Brewery


1951 & All That


Festival of Britain 1951
 59 years ago we celebrated the Festival of Britain. This was marked by far more than just a dome or an eye. The whole South Bank of the Thames was adorned by the exhibits and today the Royal Festival Hall still stands.
It was opened by King George VI and Queen Elisabeth.

100 years after the Great Exhibition of 1851 it was an expression of all that was good about post-war Britain. Signs in Piccadilly Circus read "Buy British". And the people were still full of the war-time spirit. Winston Churchill was there and to mis-quote him "this was our finest exhibition".


In Battersea Park millions flocked to the massive fun fair which remained for many years. We, at the Informed Investor, feel that the sentiments of those days should be revived and the world today should learn more about "The Bulldog Breed". So over the year there will be extensive articles and reminders of our 1951 heritage. We invite readers to participate and send us pictures and anecdotes about the Festival of Britain so that we may build an authorative website all about that momentous yearexac



Building The South Bank Exhibition


A 1951 Five shillings (Crown) coin


Stamps to commemorate the Festival




 Pearly Kings & Queens

List of Bonfire & Firework Displays in England. If your bonfire party isn't listed then tell us about it by Contacting us
Pick your area

London 
Bedfordshire Berkshire Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire Dorset Essex
Hampshire Hertfordshire Kent Oxfordshire Surrey Sussex South West
Norfolk Northamptonshire Staffordshire Suffolk West Midlands Worcestershire North

Famous People from London

 A A Milne | Abi Titmuss | Ainsley Harriott | Alan Parker | Alan Sugar | Alan Bush | Alan John Sainsbury | Alan Rickman | Alec Guinness | Alec Douglas-Home | Alexander Pope | Alfred Hitchcock | Alfred Mason | Algernon Swinburne | Alice Meynell | Alicia Markova | Amy Winehouse | Andrew Huxley | Andrew Lloyd Webber | Anita Brookner | Ann Radcliffe | Anna Neagle | Anna Russell | Anthony Trollope | Anthony Tudor | Anthony Gormley | Anthony Powell | Arnold Bax | Arthur Cayley | Arthur Sullivan | Ashley Cole | Audley Harrison | Augustus Pugin | Barbara Windsor | Barry Norman | Barry Sheene | Beatrix Potter | Beau Brummell | Ben Jonson | Ben Elton | Ben Nicholson | Ben Travers | Benjamin Jowett | Bernard Montgomery | Bernard Miles | Beryl Grey | Bill Wyman | Bobby Moore | Boris Karloff | Boy George | Brian Sewell | Bruce Forsyth | Cameron Mackintosh | Camilla Parker Bowles | Carl Giles | Carol Reed | Caroline Ahern | Cecil Sharp | Celia Johnson | Charles Lamb | Charles Barry | Charles Churchill | Charles Cornwallis | Charles Cowden Clarke | Charles George Gordon | Charles Gibbs-Smith | Charles Hill | Charles II | Charles James Fox | Charles Lamb | Charlie Chaplin | Charlie George | Charlie Watts | Charlotte Mew | Cheryl Baker | Chris Bonington | Chris Eubank | Christine Keeler | Christine Ohuruogu | Christopher Lee | Christopher Nevinson | Christopher Strachey | Clarence Hatry | Clement Attlee | Cleo Laine | Clive Anderson | Daley Thompson | Dame Cicely Saunders | Dame Gladys Cooper | Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett | Dame Vera Lynn | Damon Hill | Dan Maskell | Daniel Defoe | Daniel Day Lewis | Daniel Radcliffe | Danny Baker | Dante G Rossetti | Daphne du Maurier | David Attenborough | David Bailey | David Beckham | David Bellamy | David Bailey | David Bowie | David Essex | David Jason | David Lean | David Linley | David Lodge | David Puttnam | Davina McCall | Denis Compton | Dennis Norden | Dennis Waterman | Derek Jarman | Des O'Connor | Diane Abbott | Dirk Bogarde | Donald Soper | Douglas Bader | Douglas Douglas-Hamilton | Douglas Scott | Dusty Springfield | E H Shepard | E M Forster | Edith Evans | Edith Nesbit | Edmond Halley | Edmund Spenser | Edward Alleyn | Edward Fox | Edward Gibbon | Edward I | Edward Lear | Edward Lucas | Edward Sharpey-Schafer | Edward V | Edward VII | Edward VIII | Edward, Duke of Kent | Edwin Landseer | Elizabeth Butler-Sloss | Elizabeth Garrett Anderson | Elizabeth Gaskell | Elizabeth I | Elizabeth II | Elizabeth Taylor | Elton John | Elvis Costello | Emily Davison | Emma Thompson | Emmanuel Shinwell | Enid Blyton | Eric Bristow | Eric Newby | Eric Ravilious | Evelyn Waugh | Fern Britton | Flinders Petrie | Ford Madox Ford | Frank Bruno | Frank Richards | Frederick Blackman | Frederick Lanchester | Frederick Marryat | Frederick Rolfe | Garry Bushell | Gary Oldman | Gary Rhodes | Geoffrey Chaucer | Geoffrey Jellicoe | George Brown | George Cole | George III | George IV | George Michael | George Robey | George Selwyn | George Smith | George Symons | George V | Gerald Scarfe | Gerard Manley Hopkins | Gerry Anderson | Gertrude Jekyll | Gertrude Lawrence | Gillian Ayres | GK Chesterton | Glen Hoddle | Graham Hill | Greer Garson | Harold Pinter | Harold Jones | Harold Macmillan | Harriet Harman | Harry H Johnston | Heath Robinson | Heath Robinson | Heddle Nash | Helen Mirren | Helena Bonham Carter | Henry Addington | Henry Bolingbroke | Henry Cooper | Henry Head | Henry Holland | Henry Maudsley | Henry Palmerston | Henry Purcell | Henry VIII | Herbert Gladstone | Horace Walpole | Horatio Bottomley | Howard Carter | Hugh Grant | Hugh Gaitskell | Ian Fleming | Ian Wright | Ida Lupino | Inigo Jones | Jack Hawkins | Jade Johnson | James Cameron | James Gillray | James Glaisher | James Halliwell | James Parkinson | James VII | Jane Asher | Jean Simmons | Jeffrey Archer | Jeremy Beadle | Jermaine Defoe | Jessica Hynes | Jessie Wallace | Jim Davidson | Jimmy Greaves | Jimmy Hill | Jimmy Page | Joan Greenwood | Joan Hassall | Joan Littlewood | Joe Calzaghe | Joe Cole | John Donne | John Gielgud | John Keats | John Vanbrugh | John Betjeman | John Bratby | John Gregory | John Hoppner | John Howard | John Latham | John Lilburne | John Lydon (Johnny Rotten) | John Major | John McCarthy | John McVie | John Milton | John Nash | John Newlands | John Newton | John Osborne | John Phillips | John Ruskin | John Stainer | John Stuart Mill | John Stuart Mill | John Tooke | John Wilkes | Johnny Briggs | Johnny Speight | Jon Pertwee | Jonathan Ross | Jonathon Porritt | Jools Holland | Joseph Banks | Joseph Chamberlain | Joseph M W Turner | Joseph Somes | Joyce Grenfell | Jude Law | Julia McKenzie | Julian Clary | June Whitfield | Kaikhosru Sorabji | Karl Pearson | Kate Beckinsale | Kate Humble | Kate Moss | Kathy Burke | Keira Knightley | Ken Livingstone | Kenneth Williams | Kitty Godfree | Lady Violet Bonham Carter | Lawrence Dallaglio | Lawrence Gowing | Lawrence Oates | Leigh Hunt | Len Deighton | Lennox Lewis | Leon Kossoff | Leslie Ash | Leslie Howard | Leslis Grantham | Lester Smith | Lily Allen | Linda Robson | Lionel Bart | Lionel Jeffries | Lord Byron | Lord North | Lord Snowdon | Louise Redknapp | Marc Bolan | Margaret Prout | Margaret Rutherford | Marie Lloyd | Mark Gertler | Martin Clunes | Martin Kemp | Mary Shelley | Mary II | Mary Kingsley | Mary Tudor | Mary Wollstonecraft | Matt Lucas | Max Wall | Max Beerbohm | Max Bygraves | Mel Smith | Michael Caine | Michael Faraday | Michael Tippett | Michael Barrymore | Michael Rosen | Mischa Barton | Miss Dynamite | Moira Stuart | Morris Travers | Mrs Beeton | Nancy Mitford | Naomi Campbell | Nevil Shute | Nigel Gresley | Noel Coward | Noele Gordon | Norman Wisdom | Norman Tebbit | Oliver Postgate | Oliver Reed | Pat Smythe | Patrick Blackett | Patrick Moore | Patsy Kensit | Paul Mckenna | Paul Merton | Paul Ross | Paul Scott | Pete Townshend | Peter Ustinov | Peter Bonetti | Peter Green | Phil Collins | Phil Tufnell | Phillips Idowu | Phyllis Pearsall | Prince Charles | Prince Harry | Prince William | Princess Anne | Queen Anne | Queen Victoria | Rachel Whiteread | Rachel Stevens | Ray Winstone | Raymond Briggs | Reggie Kray | Reginald Maudling | Richard Branson | Richard Briers | Richard Carrington | Richard Hamilton | Richard Lovelace | Rio Ferdinand | Robert Browning | Robert Graves | Robert Sherard | Robert South | Robin Day | Robin Knox-Johnston | Roger Bannister | Roger Daltrey | Roger Hilton | Roger Moore | Ron Pickering | Ron Todd | Ron Wood | Ronald Coase | Ronnie Kray | Ronnie Scott | Sacha Baron Cohen | Samantha Fox | Samuel Pepys | Samuel Rogers | Samuel Romilly | Samuel Wilberforce | Sebastian Coe | Shane Richie | Shirley Porter | Sidney Herbert | Sidney Thomas | Sir Derek Jacobi | Sir Edward Tylor | Sir Francis Bacon | Sir Gordon Russell | Sir John Barbirolli | Sir John Mortimer | Sir Kingsley Amis | Sir William Austen-Roberts | Sir William Sidney Smith | Spencer Perceval | Stanley Hayter | Stanley Holloway | Stella McCartney | Stephen Poliakoff | Stephen Spender | Stephen Fry | Steve Davis | Steve Marriott | Steve McFadden | Steve Rider | Steven Berkoff | Stirling Moss | Susannah York | Sylvia Warner | T H Huxley | Terence Stamp | Terry Thomas | Thomas Gray | Thomas Sopwith | Thomas a Becket | Thomas Cromwell | Thomas Girtin | Thomas Hodgkin | Thomas Letts | Thomas Lodge | Thomas More | Thomas Wainewright | Tim Roth | Timothy Spall | Tom Keating | Tommy Steele | Tommy Trinder | Tony Benn | Tony Robinson | Trisha Goddard | Twiggy | Vanessa Feltz | Vanessa Redgrave | Victor Horsley | Virginia Woolf | W W Jacobs | Walter Pater | Warren Mitchell | Wilkie Collins | William Hogarth | William Morris | William Penn | William Blake | William IV | William Medlicott | William Perkin | William Pitt (The Elder) | William Roberts | William Roberts-Austen | William Smith | William Smith | Willie Rushton | Wolf Mankowitz | Zadie Smith | Zara Phillips |

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